Già da parecchio tempo, si è diffusa una teologia dei “segni dei tempi”, come forma di percezione di un disegno divino per la storia umana. Questo procedimento è arrischiato, perché per conoscere i segni bisogna conoscere i tempi. E questi, al giorno d’oggi, sono complessi, quando non contraddittori. Ciò che per alcuni è segno dello Spirito, può essere un anti-segno per altri.
Però alcuni eventi si impongono alla considerazione di tutti, perché possiedono un’evidenza in se stessi. Ne prenderemo in considerazione alcuni, per la densità di significato che contengono.
Il primo è senza dubbio il processo di Planetizzazione. Questa, più che un fatto economico e politico innegabile, rappresenta un fenomeno storico-antropologico: l’umanità si scopre come specie, che abita la stessa e unica Casa, il pianeta Terra, con un destino comune. Esso anticipa quello che già Pierre Teilhard de Chardin diceva nel 1933 a partire dal suo esilio ecclesiastico in Cina: stiamo nell’anti-sala di una nuova fase dell’umanità: la fase della noosfera, vale a dire della convergenza delle menti e dei cuori che costituiscono una unica storia insieme alla storia della Terra. Spirito che è sempre di unità, di riconciliazione e di convergenza nella diversità.
Altro segno rilevante è costituito dai Forum sociali mondiali che a partire dall’anno 2000 hanno cominciato a realizzarsi a Porto Aalegre-RS. Per la prima volta nella storia moderna, i poveri del mondo intero, facendo da contrappunto alle riunioni dei ricchi nella città svizzera di Davos, sono riusciti ad accumulare tanta forza e capacità di articolazione, che hanno finito per incontrarsi a migliaia e per presentare le loro esperienze di resistenza e di liberazione e alimentare un sogno collettivo che un altro mondo è possibile e necessario. Lì si notano alcuni germogli del nuovo paradigma di umanità, capace di organizzare in modo diverso la produzione, il consumo, la preservazione della natura e l’inclusione di tutti in un progetto collettivo che garantisca un futuro di vita.
La primavera araba nasce pure come un segno dello Spirito nel mondo. Essa ha incendiato il Nord Africa e si è realizzata sotto il segno della ricerca di libertà, di rispetto dei diritti umani e nella integrazione delle donne, ritenute come uguali nei processi sociali. Dittature buttate giù, prove di democrazia, il fattore religioso è sempre più valorizzato nel montaggio della società ma lasciando da parte gli aspetti fondamentalisti. Tali fatti storici devono essere interpretati, al di là della loro lettura secolare e socio-politica, come emergenze dello Spirito di libertà e di creatività.
Chi potrebbe negare, che a una lettura biblico-teologica, la crisi del 2008 che ha interessato principalmente il centro dei potentati economico-finanziari del mondo, là dove stanno i grandi conglomerati economici che vivono di speculazione alle spalle della destabilizzazione di altri paesi e della disperazione delle loro popolazioni, chissà che non sia pure un segno dello Spirito Santo? Questo segno è un avviso che la perversità ha dei limiti e che su di loro potrà venire un giudizio severo di Dio: la loro completa disfatta.
Come contropartita al segno negativo anteriore, c’è il segno positivo dei movimenti di vittime che si sono organizzati in Europa come “Indignati” Spagna e Inghilterra e i “occupies Wall Street” negli Usa. E si rivelano un’energia di protesta e una ricerca di nuove forme di democrazia e di organizzare la produzione, la cui fonte ultima nella lettura dal punto di vista della fede, si trova nello Spirito.
Altro segnale dello Spirito nel mondo ha acquistato forma in una crescente coscienza ecologica di un numero sempre maggiore di persone nel mondo intero. I fatti non possono essere negati: ci siamo spinti avanti sino alle ultime possibilità della Terra, gli ecosistemi sempre più stanno esaurendosi, l’energia fossile, motore segreto di tutto il nostro processo industriale, ha i giorni contati e il riscaldamento globale che non smette di aumentare e che, dentro alcune decenni, può minacciare tutta la biodiversità.
Siamo i principali responsabili di questo caos ecologico. Si fa urgente un altro paradigma di civiltà che corre sulla linea delle visioni già provate nell’umanità come il “bien-vivir” (sumak kawsay) dei popoli andini, l’indice «di felicità bruta» del Butan, l’ecocialismo, l’economia solidale e biocentrata, una ben intesa economia verde ossia progetti da cui centralità è posta nella vita, nell’umanità e nella Terra viva.
Infine, un grande segno dello Spirito nel mondo è il sorgere di movimenti femministi e dell’ecofemminismo. Le donne non solo hanno denunciato la dominazione secolare dell’uomo sulla donna (questione di genere) ma in particolare tutta la cultura patriarcale. L’irruzione delle donne in tutti i campi dell’attività umana, nel mondo del lavoro, nei centri del sapere, nel campo della politica e dell’arte, ma principalmente con una rigorosa riflessione, a partire dalla condizione femminile, su tutta la realtà, deve essere vista come una irruzione poderosa dello Spirito nella storia.
La vita è minacciata sul pianeta. La donna è connaturale alla vita, perché la genera e se ne prende cura sempre. Il secolo ventuno sarà, credo io, il secolo delle donne, di quelle che, insieme con gli uomini, assumeranno sempre di più le responsabilità collettive. Sarà per mezzo loro che i valori che esse maggiormente testimoniano come la cura, la cooperazione, la solidarietà, la compassione, l’amore incondizionato staranno alla base del nuovo del nuovo saggio di civiltà planetaria.
Traduzione di Romano Baraglia – [email protected]
spirito santo trascendente, una lettura biblica teologica
spirito umano immanente, una lettura antropologica e di scienza della mente
Reblogueó esto en PASO A LA UTOPÍA.
Isn´t Leonardo Boff the person who used to “preach” some form of socialist Ideology as a “quasi” catholic doctrine? I thought he had been sort of “banned” from the main stream catholicism even in South America… Specially after the stand taken by former Pope Benedict in some of his public statements on the so called “Teologia da Libertação”…
Anyway, I’m Brazilian, but haven’t lived there since my youth and I really would like to know if this blog’s been mantained by Boff or if they are just using his name,,, Thanks.
Helen
Bem que poderia ter escrito em portugues para não esquecer sua lingua materna. Eu pessoalmente mantenho este blog. Amigos que nem conheço fazem uma versão em ingles, italiano, espanhol e alemão.
Sou teólogo e há muitos livros meus traduzidos para o ingles, especialmente pela Orbis Books de Ossining,N.Y. Nunca fui socialista. As acusações contra a teologia da libertação vinham dos grupos ligados às ditaduras militares latinoamericanas que nos viam como subversivos pelo fato de condenarmos a pobreza e tentarmos orgnizar os pobres para que eles mesmos fizessem sua caminhada de autonomia e libertação. Nunca preguei o socialismo, mas a democracia se fim em todos os ambitos. Se quiser saber mais sobre esta teologia tem um livrinho escrito por meu irmão Clodovis e eu sobre Como fazer Teologia da Libertação. Há muitas edições em ingles pela Orbis Books
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